Yembroos® Flamingo Feed – specialized carotenoid-rich diet to support vibrant pink coloration, immunity, and digestive health in captive flamingos.

Geographic Distribution of Flamingo Species

Flamingos, as a group, are native to tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. They inhabit a variety of wetland ecosystems, including saline lakes, lagoons, mudflats, and estuaries, depending on the species.
Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis) are primarily found in South America, with stable populations in central Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. During winter, they may appear along both coasts of southern South America. Occasional stragglers have also been reported in the Falkland Islands and Ecuador.
The lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) is predominantly an African species, commonly seen in eastern, southwestern, and western parts of the continent. In addition to Africa, a substantial nesting population exists in India. Occasionally, stray individuals have been observed as far north as southern Spain.
The James’ flamingo (Phoenicoparrus jamesi) has the most limited range among all flamingo species. It is restricted to high-altitude regions of southern Peru, northeastern Chile, western Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina.
The Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) shares a similar habitat range with James’ flamingo and is found in southern Peru, north-central Chile, western Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina, primarily in the Andean highlands.
The Caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is distributed across the Caribbean basin, including Cuba, the Bahamas, the Yucatán Peninsula, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the Galápagos Islands. It also occupies the northern coastal zones of South America.
The greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) is the most widely distributed flamingo species, occurring across northwest India, the Middle East, the western Mediterranean, and large parts of Africa. Small, scattered populations also extend into northern Europe and as far east as Siberia, making it the most adaptable of all flamingo species.

Flamingo Habitat

Flamingos are most commonly associated with large alkaline or saline lakes and estuaries or lagoons, often characterized by open, vegetation-free waters. These habitats may be located either far inland or near coastal zones, depending on the region and species.
In addition to saline lakes, flamingos utilize a diverse range of habitats, including mangrove swamps, tidal mudflats, and sandy islands within the intertidal zones. These environments provide suitable nesting grounds and feeding areas, particularly during seasonal movements or breeding cycles.
One critical ecological factor influencing flamingo habitat preference is the presence or absence of fish in the water bodies they inhabit. Fish populations can significantly affect the availability of food resources, particularly for flamingo species that feed primarily on aquatic invertebrates.
For example, Chilean flamingos are notably scarce or absent in lakes that contain fish, as they face competition for food resources. In contrast, they are typically found in large numbers in lakes without fish, where invertebrate prey is more accessible.
The introduction of fish into previously fishless lakes can adversely affect not only the Chilean flamingo but also the greater flamingo and Caribbean flamingo, all of which rely heavily on invertebrates. However, other flamingo species, such as the lesser flamingo, may remain unaffected due to differences in diet and feeding mechanisms.

Flamingo Migration

Flamingos are generally non-migratory birds, but environmental changes often influence their movement patterns.
Flamingo colonies are not always permanent, especially in areas affected by fluctuating water levels or climate shifts.
Populations that breed in high-altitude lakes may migrate to warmer regions during winter, as these lakes can freeze over.
Rising water levels at breeding sites may cause flamingos to seek more favorable habitats.
Drought conditions can force flamingos to relocate in search of suitable water bodies and food sources.
Most migrating flamingos return to their native colony for breeding, although some may join neighboring colonies if conditions are better.
Flamingos migrate primarily at night, preferring cloudless skies and favorable tailwinds.
During migration, flamingos can travel approximately 600 km (373 miles) in a single night at speeds of 50–60 kph (31–37 mph).
When migrating during the day, they fly at high altitudes, likely to avoid predation by raptors such as eagles.
The greater flamingo population in Camargue, southern France has been studied in detail since 1977.
These flamingos typically migrate southwest to Spain or southeast to Tunisia and Turkey during winter.
The direction taken by juvenile flamingos during their first autumn migration appears to be influenced by prevailing wind patterns.

Flamingo Population

The lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) is the most numerous of all flamingo species, with an estimated global population of 1.5 to 2.5 million individuals.
The greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) ranks second in population size. Due to its wide geographic range and migratory behavior, exact population estimates are difficult to determine.
The Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) is the most abundant flamingo species in South America, with an estimated population under 200,000 individuals. However, this population is currently declining.
The James’ flamingo (Phoenicoparrus jamesi) has an estimated population of approximately 64,000 individuals.
The Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) population is estimated at 33,927 birds, with a decreasing population trend.
The Caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) had an estimated population of 21,500 birds in 1956. Since then, it has recovered significantly, and current estimates range between 850,000 and 880,000 individuals, with a stable population trend.

Flamingo Physical Characteristics

Size

The greater flamingo is the tallest species, standing 120 to 150 cm (47–59 in.) and weighing up to 3.5 kg (7.7 lb.).
The lesser flamingo is the smallest species, standing about 80 cm (31.5 in.) and weighing approximately 2.5 kg (5.5 lb.).
Male flamingos reach full adult size between one-and-a-half and two years of age.
Males are slightly larger than females, with longer wingspans and greater body mass.
Visual sex determination in flamingos is unreliable.
The wingspan of the lesser flamingo ranges from 95 to 100 cm (37–39 in.).
The wingspan of the greater flamingo ranges from 140 to 165 cm (55–65 in.).
The Caribbean flamingo has a wingspan of approximately 150 cm (59 in.).

Coloration

Feather coloration varies by species, ranging from pale pink to crimson or vermilion.
Caribbean flamingos display the brightest coloration—crimson or vermilion.
Chilean flamingos are pale pink in color.
Feather coloration comes from carotenoid pigments in the flamingo’s diet.
Male and female flamingos have the same feather coloration.
Flamingo chicks hatch with gray or white down feathers.
Juvenile flamingos are grayish and take one to two years to develop adult coloration.
Parent flamingos may lose some pink coloration while raising their chicks.
Flamingo leg and foot color varies by species and can be yellow, orange, or pink-red.
The Andean flamingo is the only species with yellow legs and feet.

Appendages

1. Legs.

The legs of adult flamingos are longer than the flamingo’s body, measuring between 80 to 125 cm (31.5-49 in.), depending on the species.
The ankle is located about halfway up the leg.
The knee is located close to the body and is not externally visible.

2. Feet.

The Chilean, greater, and lesser flamingos have three forward-pointing toes and a hallux, or hind toe.
Andean and James’ flamingos have three toes and no hallux.
Webbing between the toes aids the bird in swimming and stirring up food.
Coloration of the feet and legs is the same.

3. Wings.

The wingspan of flamingos ranges from 95 to 100 cm (37-39 in.) on the lesser flamingo to 140 to 165 cm (55-65 in.) on the greater flamingo. The Caribbean flamingo has a wingspan of 150 cm (59 in.).
There are 12 principal flight feathers located on each wing. These black feathers are visible when the wings are extended.

4. Neck.

Flamingos have 19 elongated cervical (neck) vertebrae giving their necks long and sinuous appearances.

The neck is long and sinuous. A flamingo has 19 elongated cervical (neck) vertebrae allowing for maximum movement and twisting.

Flamingo Head

Flamingo eyes are located on either side of the head.
Flamingo chicks have gray eyes during the first year of life.
Adult flamingos have yellow eyes.
An adult flamingo’s bill may be black, pinkish, or cream-colored depending on the species.
The bill is adapted for filter feeding.
The upper and lower mandibles are angled downward just below the nostril.
The upper mandible is thin and flat, functioning like a lid.
The lower mandible is large and trough- or keel-shaped.
Tooth-like ridges on the outside of the bill help filter food from water.
Both upper and lower mandibles contain two rows of lamellae—bristled, comb-like structures.
When the mandibles close, the lamellae of both jaws mesh together.
The number of lamellae in a flamingo’s bill varies by species.
The Andean flamingo has about 9 lamellae per cm (23 per inch).
The James’ flamingo has about 21 lamellae per cm (53 per inch).
The Chilean flamingo has about 5 to 6 lamellae per cm (13–15 per inch).
James’ and Andean flamingos have a deep, narrow lower mandible suited for eating algae and diatoms.
Caribbean, greater, and Chilean flamingos have a wider lower mandible suited for eating brineflies, shrimp, and mollusks.
A flamingo’s tongue is large and fleshy.
The tongue is covered with bristle-like projections.
These projections help filter water and food through the lamellae.

Feathers

1. Adult feathers have a small, delicate, accessory feather arising from the main feather at the point where the quill merges into the shaft of the feather. This is called an aftershaft.

2. There are 12 principal flight feathers located on each wing. These black feathers are visible when the wings are extended.

3. Flamingos have 12 to 16 tail feathers.

4. Contour feathers cover all of the body except the bill and scaled parts of the legs and feet. They protect the skin from damage and help streamline the flamingo for flight.

5. Flamingos molt (shed and replace) their wing and body feathers at irregular intervals ranging from twice a year to once every two years. The molt is related to the breeding cycle.

6. Molted feathers lose their color.

Flamingo Senses

Flamingos have good hearing.
Vocalizations help flamingos keep flocks together.
Vocalizations assist in parent-chick recognition.
Vision helps flamingos synchronize group displays involving hundreds or thousands of birds.
Flamingos may have poor night vision, but it is likely better than human night vision.
Flamingos have well-developed color perception.
In zoological environments, flamingos can recognize their uniformed keepers among visitors.
Tactile organs on the tongue help ensure only food is ingested.
The sense of taste is poorly developed in flamingos.
Flamingos have little or no sense of smell.

Swimming and Wading

Because flamingos have long legs, they can wade into much deeper water than most other birds. Webbed feet support them on soft mud.

The long legs of flamingos allow them to wade into much deeper water than most birds.When the water is beyond their wading depth, flamingos swim at the surface while feeding. Webbed feet allow the flamingo to swim quite readily.

There is no evidence that flamingos dive.

Flamingos are often seen in dense packs floating on the surface of the water.

RESPIRATION
Like other birds, flamingos breathe air with lungs. They hold their breath while feeding under water.

SLEEP
When flamingos are resting, they may sit down with their legs tucked beneath them or rest standing on one leg.

Flamingos often rest standing on one leg.

While resting, flamingos face into the wind. This stops wind and rain from penetrating their feathers. When resting on one leg, flamingos can be seen swaying back and forth in the wind.

THERMOREGULATION
Flamingos frequently stand on one leg. Curling a leg under the body keeps the foot warm and conserves body heat. Flamingos stand on one leg in both cool and warm environments.

FLIGHT
To take off, a flamingo runs several steps, begins flapping its wings, and lifts off into the air. When landing the procedure is reversed: the bird touches down and then runs several paces.

A flamingo flies with its head and neck stretched out in front and its legs trailing behind.

Flight speed of a flock of flamingos can reach 50 to 60 kph (31-37 mph).

Flamingos have been known to fly 500 to 600 km (311-373 mi.) each night between habitats.

ADAPTATIONS FOR A HIGH SALINITY ENVIRONMENT
The majority of lakes where flamingos live have extremely high salt concentrations. The only source of fresh water for some of these birds comes from boiling geysers. Flamingos are capable of drinking water at temperatures that approach the boiling point.

Flamingos excrete salt through salt glands in the nostrils.

VOCALIZATIONS
Flamingo vocalizations range from nasal honking to grunting or growling. Flamingos are generally very noisy birds. Variations exist in the voices of different species of flamingos.

Vocalizations play an important role in keeping flocks together as well as in ritualized displays. Specific calls are used in conjunction with certain behaviors.

Vocalizations are used in parent-chick recognition.

VISUAL DISPLAYS
Flamingos communicate with a broad range of visual displays.

Behavior

SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Flamingos are very social birds. Breeding colonies of a few individual flamingos are rare, while colonies of tens of thousands of birds are common.

Flock size ranges from 2 to 340 birds with an average of 71 birds.

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
Flamingos devote considerable time to collective displays before, during, and after breeding.

Several hundred to several thousand flamingos are all involved simultaneously with ritualized postures and movements to synchronize breeding.

Sometimes only one display is performed, but more often, a predictable sequence of displays are carried out. Not all flamingo species perform all of the described displays, and some perform the displays slightly different than described. Flamingo displays include the following:

“Head-flag” involves stretching the neck and head up as high as possible, with the bill pointing upwards, and then rhythmically turning the head from one side to the other.
”Wing-salute” is performed by spreading the wings for a few seconds, showing their striking contrasted colors, while the tail is cocked and neck outstretched.
In the “inverted wing-salute”, the flamingo angles its head down, cocks its tail, and orients its body so that the tail is higher than the chest. The wings are then held partially open above the back with the black flight feathers pointing up and the bend in the wing pointing down.
”Twist-preen” entails the bird twisting its neck back and appearing to preen quickly, with its bill behind a partly open wing.
”Wing-leg stretch” involves the leg and wing on the same side stretched out and to the rear.
”Marching” is performed by a large group of flamingos that cluster together, stand erect, and then move in quick, synchronized steps in first one direction and then another.

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
Flamingos spend most of the day feeding, preening (distributing oil from a gland at the base of their tail to their feathers for waterproofing), resting, and bathing.

Preening of the feathers keeps them waterproof and in good condition.

Breeding birds feed day or night. Non-breeding birds feed at night and spend the day sleeping or involved in activities such as preening and bathing.

Flamingos spend about 15% to 30% of their time during the day preening. This is a large percentage compared to waterfowl, which preen only about 10% of the time. Flamingos preen with their bills. An oil gland near the base of the tail secretes oil that the flamingo distributes throughout its feathers.

Flamingos swim readily and bathe in shallow fresh water, submerging the whole body.

INTERACTION WITH OTHER SPECIES
Two or more species of flamingos can coexist in the same area at the same time.

Diet & Eating Habits

Flamingos primarily feed on blue-green and red algae, diatoms, insect larvae and adults, crustaceans, molluscs, and small fishes.
A flamingo’s pink or reddish feather, leg, and face coloration results from a diet rich in carotenoids such as alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and canthaxanthin.
The shape of a flamingo’s bill determines its diet—either shallow or deep-keeled.
Lesser, James’, and Andean flamingos have deep-keeled bills and feed mainly on algae and diatoms.
Greater, Caribbean, and Chilean flamingos have shallow-keeled bills and feed on insects, aquatic invertebrates, and small fishes.
Caribbean flamingos primarily consume larval and pupal forms of flies and brine shrimp.
Slight differences in diet and feeding behavior reduce competition between flamingo species that share the same habitat.
Lesser flamingos consume approximately 60 g (2.1 oz) of dry food per day.
Lesser flamingos filter food by pumping water through their bills at a rate of about 20 times per second.
Caribbean flamingos consume about 270 g (9.5 oz) of dry food per day.
Caribbean flamingos filter food at a slower rate of 4 to 5 times per second.
Flamingos feed by standing in shallow water, lowering their necks, and inverting their heads so the bill faces backward in the water.
Flamingos with deep-keeled mandibles sweep their heads side to side just beneath the water surface to collect food.
Flamingos with shallow-keeled mandibles sweep their heads side to side deeper in the mud to collect food.
Flamingos use a spiny, piston-like tongue to suck water and food into their bills and filter it through the lamellae.
The lamellae inside the bill trap appropriate food particles and expel water.
Lamellae also help exclude food particles that are either too large or too small.
Flamingos may stamp their webbed feet while feeding to stir up food from the bottom.
In zoological environments, flamingos are provided a specially formulated diet to maintain health and pink coloration.
SeaWorld and Busch Gardens use custom-designed feeding troughs to deliver complete nutrition to their flamingos.
Flamingos actively seek fresh water sources for drinking.

Flamingo Reproduction

Flamingos reach sexual maturity several years after hatching, typically beginning to breed at around six years of age.
Flamingo colonies may breed at different times of the year.
Successful breeding relies on synchronized nesting so that all chicks hatch around the same time.
Flamingo colonies rarely nest more than once per year.
Breeding and nest-building may depend on rainfall and its influence on food availability.
Courtship begins with ritualized stretching and preening performed in groups.
Males often run together with bills pointed skyward and necks outstretched during courtship.
Interested birds frequently call to one another in unison.
Flamingo pair bonds are strong, and many individuals are monogamous.
Some flamingos have been observed mating with more than one partner.
Copulation is usually initiated by the female walking away from the group.
The male follows the female closely when she signals readiness to mate.
The female lowers her head and spreads her wings to invite copulation.
Mating occurs in water, with the male jumping onto the female’s back from behind.
The male places his feet firmly on the female’s wing joints during mating.
After copulation, the male stands briefly on the female’s back, then jumps off over her head.
Flamingos build nest mounds from mud, straw, feathers, and small stones.
Nest mounds may reach up to 30 cm (12 in.) in height to protect eggs from heat and flooding.
Mound construction can begin up to six weeks before eggs are laid.
Both male and female flamingos help build the mound using their bills.
As the mound rises, the parents create a shallow well at the top for the egg.
Mound building continues during incubation using materials nearby.
Flamingos typically lay one large egg.
Egg sizes range from 78 x 49 mm (3 x 1.9 in.) and 115 g (4 oz.) to 90 x 55 mm (3.5 x 2.1 in.) and 140 g (4.9 oz.).
The egg is oblong and resembles a chicken egg in shape.
Eggshells are usually chalky white, though they may appear pale blue when first laid.
Laying two eggs is rare but has been observed.

Incubation

Incubation begins soon after the egg is laid. The incubation period is between 27 and 31 days.

Both the male and female take turns incubating the egg by sitting on top of the nest mound.

Both parents share in the incubation of the egg and the rearing of the chick.

During incubation, flamingos will stand, stretch their wings, and preen themselves frequently.
A parent bird carefully lifts and turns the egg with its bill.

Eggs that fall from the nesting mound are not retrieved.

HATCHING
Hatching takes between 24 and 36 hours.

Hatching can take between 24 and 36 hours, during which the chick calls frequently and the parents respond anxiously.

The chick calls frequently as it breaks out of the shell.

The chick breaks through the shell using a growth on its bill called an “egg tooth”. The egg tooth is not a true tooth and falls off soon after the chick hatches.

Flamingo parents appear anxious while their chick is hatching. They stand, look at the egg, and vocalize.

The adult stands, looks down, and gently preens and nibbles at the emerging chick.

CHICK AT HATCHING
Newly-hatched chicks have gray or white down feathers, a straight red bill, and plump, swollen red or pink legs.

The leg swelling decreases approximately 48 hours after hatching, and the red bill and legs turn black in seven to ten days.

After hatching, a flamingo chick is not very agile. Movement is limited to pushing its wings or lifting its head.

Flamingos are attentive parents.

Care of Young

Parents are able to recognize their own chick by sight and vocalizations. They will feed no other chick.

A flamingo chick will leave the nest after four to seven days, when it is strong enough to stand and walk. Parents keep a close, protective watch on their chick as it explores its habitat.

Flamingo parents remain close-by as their chicks begin to explore their environment.

Chicks gather in large groups called creches (French for “crib”). Parents are able to locate their own chicks in the creche at feeding time.

Adults feed their chicks a secretion of the upper digestive tract referred to as “milk”. “Milk” secretion is caused by the hormone prolactin, which both the male and female flamingo produce.

”Milk” is 8% to 9% protein and 15% fat, similar to mammal milk.
”Milk” is red in color due to the pigment canthaxanthin. Chicks store this pigment in the liver, to be deposited in their adult feathers when they grow.

CHICK DEVELOPMENT
Flamingo chicks are able to swim before they are typically old enough to leave the nest for good.

Young chicks have been seen imitating feeding methods while standing in shallow water.

Chicks begin to grow their flight feathers after 11 weeks. At the same time, the bill begins to hook, allowing the chick to feed itself.

Chicks lose their juvenile gray or white color gradually over a two or three year period, at which time their pink feathers begin to show.

HUMAN INTERACTION
Habitat destruction by humans has had a negative effect on the breeding and feeding grounds of flamingos.

Construction of roads and highways make the flamingo’s environment more accessible to people and land predators.
Coastal desert irrigation has altered water levels in many flamingo habitats.
Mining of boron, lithium, nitrates, potassium, and molybdenum has caused habitat disturbances for the flamingos.
Low-flying aircraft bringing tourists, bird enthusiasts, and photographers into flamingo nesting and feeding grounds cause disturbances and affect the birds’ lifestyle.

People have used flamingos and their eggs as food.

Historically, people have used flamingo eggs as a primary food source and delicacy. Today, in some places, flamingo eggs are removed from nests and sold at markets.
In early Roman times, flamingo tongues were carefully prepared, pickled, and served as a delicacy.
Andean miners have killed flamingos for their fat, believed to be a cure for tuberculosis.

Greater and lesser flamingo chicks in the Magadi colony in Africa were banded in the 1960′s with the hope of finding out more about these birds’ lifestyles and migration patterns. Unfortunately, only a few of the banded birds have been recovered. It is believed that the bands may have dissolved because of the high alkaline content in the water where these birds live.

Human activity on Great Inagua Island in the Bahamas has helped flamingo populations. Salt production has added many acres of suitable habitat, stabilized water levels, and provided additional food sources.

How Flamingos Feed

Flamingos are filter feeders, feeding primarily on algae and tiny aquatic animals such as shrimp, mollusks, and insect larvae found in shallow muddy pools.
Their long legs enable them to wade into deeper water to forage.
Flamingos hold their heads upside down while feeding, allowing their specially shaped bills to function properly.
Their bills contain lamellae, which are comb-like structures that act as filters to trap food particles.
Flamingos use their large tongues to suck water into the front of the bill.
Water is pumped out through the sides of the bill, passing through the lamellae, which trap food.
Lesser, James, and Andean flamingos feed mainly on algae, cyanobacteria, and hard-shelled single-celled plants.
These species have larger bills and stiff lamellae that efficiently filter fine food particles from the water.
Caribbean, Chilean, and Greater flamingos consume larger organisms such as aquatic invertebrates, insects, and small fish.
These flamingos often stir the muddy bottom with their webbed feet to disturb and release shrimp and larvae into the water.

Why Flamingos Are Pink

Flamingos obtain their pink or reddish coloration from pigments found in their food.
The diet is rich in carotenoid pigments, particularly alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and canthaxanthin.
These pigments are present in algae and crustaceans consumed by flamingos.
Carotenoids in crustaceans may initially appear blue or green due to being protein-bound.
After digestion, carotenoids are released from proteins, dissolve in body fats, and are deposited in growing feathers.
Once deposited, the pigments turn orange or pink, coloring the feathers, legs, and face.
This process is similar to how shrimp turn pink when cooked.
The intensity of the pink color depends on the concentration of carotenoids in the diet.
A flamingo deprived of carotenoid-rich food will develop very pale new feathers after molting, as the old pigment is lost.

Captivity and feeding

Flamingos in captivity require a special diet to ensure they preserve their striking colors. Zoos like the San Diego Zoo and Animal Park use special flamingo pellets enriched with pigment. Captive flamingos also require water so that they can eat by pumping water through their bills, as they do in the wild.

Flamingos at San Francisco Zoo. In the wild, flamingos eat algae, crustaceans, brine shrimp, diatoms, and aquatic plants. At the zoo, a special “flamingo fare” is served. To preserve their rosy color at the zoo, flamingos are fed a commercially prepared diet high in carotenoids. Initially, zoos fed carrots, red peppers, and dried shrimp to flamingos, but it was found that if synthetic canthaxanthin was added to their feed, nesting and breeding were more successful.

What do zoo flamingos and farmed salmon have in common?

Both salmon farmers and zookeepers rely on doses of a carotenoid, such as canthaxanthin or a similar pigment, to keep fish and flamingos colorful. In both cases, this pigment is responsible for mimicking the color found naturally in wild species. In zoos, flamingos need a diet rich in carotenoids to maintain their distinctive plumage. Carotenoids also occur in mollusks and crustaceans, so flamingos may be fed shrimp and clams. Spoonbills and pink ibis also rely on ingested carotenoids for their coloring.

Flamingo Feed

Crude Protein %	20.0
Crude Fat %	5.5
Crude Fiber %	3.6
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg	2800
Ash	6.9

Feeding Direction:

This diet is applicable to Cuban Flamingo, Rosy Flamingos and other Crustacean Eating Birds
Feed applicable for daily Growth and Maintenance.
Feed 20 – 30 g/kg of body weight per bird per day including parent fed chicks.
Adult birds will usually eat 150 – 200 g/day

Flamingo Breeder Feed

Crude Protein %	35.5
Crude Fat %	5.6
Crude Fiber %	7.0
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg	26000
Ash	11.0

Feeding Instruction:

01.The diest is applicable to Cuban Flamingos, Cranes and Rody Flamingos.

02.Breeder Feed can be fed as a major part of the birds daily food intake during breeding seasons, which is during spring and summer months.

03.During Spring and Summer Months this feed should also be fed to growing birds and mature male birds to keep them in peak condition

04.Adult Birds will eat 150 – 200 g/day

Crane Starter Feed

Crude Protein %	21.7
Crude Fat %	2.6
Crude Fiber %	5.90
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg	2450
Ash	8.9

Adult Crane Feed

Crude Protein %	20.5
Crude Fat %	5.5
Crude Fiber %	5.5
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg	2500
Ash	7.6

Adult Cranes would consume 200 – 300 g/day

GENERAL DETAILS	Specification
Ingredients	Corn Gluten Meal, DDGS, Pluses, Essential Amino Acids, Vitamins, Minerals, Trace Minerals, Toxin Binders and Mold Inhibitor
Ingredient Profile	100% Vegetarian
Moisture (% Maximum)	12
Product Form	Coarse Mash Form / Pellet Form
Product Branding	Yembroos®
Net Weight	39 Kgs When Packed
Product Pricing	On Unit Basis (for each 39 Kgs Packing)
Production Capacity per Day	650 MT/Day
Factory Visit	Not Permissible
Fumigation	Aluminum Phosphide or Methyl Bromide (or any as per buyer specification)
Clinical Test Methodology	As per IS:2052 Proximate Analysis on Dry Matter Basis

Commercial Terms – Export

Inner Packing: Optional LDPE liner (75 microns)
Outer Packing: White Polypropylene Bags
Delivery: CIF to destination port or delivery to nearest Indian port
Payment Terms: 100% TT (No L/C or SBLC accepted) in INR or USD
Transit Ports: Cochin Port, Vizhinjam Port, Mundra Port, Tuticorin port, Chennai Port, Mundra Port, Visakhapatnam Port.
Documents Provided:
1. Phytosanitary Certificate
2. Fumigation Certificate
3. Food Hygiene Certificate (Veterinary Dept., India)

Clarification for All Buyers

Interested buyers who wish to procure Flamingo feed from us are strictly required to follow a ZERO Negotiation Policy. Our prices are fixed and non-negotiable under any circumstances.

The minimum dispatch lead time is 45 days from the date of official order confirmation.

All payments for confirmed orders must be made 100% in advance through Bank Wire Transfer only. We do not entertain or accept any alternate payment methods, including Letters of Credit (L/C), SBLC, partial payments, or cash on delivery.

Accepted currencies for all payments are Indian Rupees (INR) or US Dollars (USD) only.

Yembroos Animal Feeds India Private Limited, located in the Thrissur District of Kerala, is a reputed Flamingo Feed Manufacturer, Flamingo Feed Exporter, Flamingo Feed Supplier, Flamingo Feed Distributor, Flamingo Feed Vendor, Flamingo Feed Company, and Flamingo Feed Producer. We are also recognized as a leading Aquatic Bird Feed Manufacturer, Aquatic Bird Feed Exporter, Aquatic Bird Feed Supplier, Aquatic Bird Feed Distributor, Aquatic Bird Feed Vendor, Aquatic Bird Feed Company, and Aquatic Bird Feed Producer. In addition, Yembroos® is a trusted name as a Crane Feed Manufacturer, Crane Feed Exporter, Crane Feed Supplier, Crane Feed Distributor, Crane Feed Vendor, Crane Feed Company, and Crane Feed Producer. Our wide and high-precision product range makes us one of the most reliable and well-known Flamingo, Aquatic Bird, and Crane Feed Manufacturers and Exporters in India.

Flamingo Feed